汽车前沿技术 | 丰田开发新一代混合动力系统

据报道，丰田正在开发新一代混合动力系统，旨在应用于其未来的多路径（multi-pathway）车辆平台。该系统由全新的四缸 1.5 升发动机系列（涵盖自然吸气和涡轮增压版本）与更轻、更紧凑的电动机、功率控制单元及逆变器组合而成。丰田的目标是将燃油经济性提升 15% 以上。

这套全新的混合动力系统体积更为小巧，能够无缝集成至多路径平台中；该平台在确保纯电动汽车（BEV）性能表现的同时，还支持打造外观更流畅、更具时尚感的车型设计。

不同国家和地区的能源状况各异，客户的需求与偏好也存在差异。丰田采取多路径策略，通过提供多种电动化动力系统，并根据市场需求灵活调整组合，来积极应对这些差异。新一代混合动力系统的设计初衷，正是为了在车辆开发和制造层面提供这种灵活性。

一套从零开始重新设计的完整混合动力总成

丰田并未简单地将现有发动机改造用于混合动力系统，而是将发动机、混合动力系统及功率控制单元作为一个整体动力总成进行同步开发。全新的 1.5 升发动机在设计之初就充分考虑了电气化需求；与前代产品相比，它们体积更小，效率更高。其中，自然吸气版本旨在覆盖丰田现有的 1.8 升发动机及 1.5 升三缸发动机所对应的混合动力性能区间。

这些发动机匹配了更轻、更紧凑的电动机和功率控制单元。通过实现各部件之间更紧密的集成，旨在降低整个系统的能量损耗。

丰田的目标是将燃油经济性提升 15% 以上。这一提升预计将通过降低机械摩擦、优化热管理、减少电能损耗以及降低空气动力学阻力来实现。

专为灵活的多动力路径平台而设计

这一全新的多动力路径平台在开发时，旨在确保车辆作为纯电动汽车时，依然具备卓越的性能与产品吸引力；同时，紧凑型的新型混合动力系统也能集成在同一平台上。混合动力和插电式混合动力系统均可整合至同一基础架构中，且不会对车辆外观轮廓、内部空间或车辆性能产生负面影响。

更低矮的发动机与混合动力系统总成，使得引擎盖高度得以降低，从而赋予车辆更具动感的比例。设计师在进行外观造型设计时，能够拥有更大的发挥空间，受到的限制也更少。

规模经济与制造灵活性

纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车和混合动力汽车将采用统一的架构。这意味着丰田能够将研发和生产投入分摊到更大的总产量规模中。

由此实现了更显著的财务与工程层面的规模经济，且不会对任何车型的性能或功能造成影响。

此外，这种统一架构还旨在使生产环节能够灵活、顺畅地调整动力总成组合，从而更精准地契合客户需求。

Toyota is developing a next-generation hybrid powertrain designed for its future multi-pathway vehicle platforms. The system combines a new family of four-cylinder 1.5-litre engines, in naturally aspirated and turbocharged form, with lighter and more compact electric motors, power control units and inverters. Toyota is targeting more than 15% better fuel economy. The new hybrid system is also much smaller and can be integrated into the new multi-pathway platform, designed to deliver uncompromised BEV performance, enabling sleek and stylish vehicle design.

Energy circumstances differ by region and country, as do customer needs and preferences. Toyota’s multi-pathway approach is designed to respond to this by offering a range of electrified powertrains and adjusting the mix to market demand. The next-generation hybrid system is designed to support this flexibility in vehicle development and in manufacturing.

New 1.5-Litre Hybrid Engine Designed For Electrification

Toyota has not adapted an existing engine for electrified use. Instead, it has developed the engine, hybrid system and power electronics together as one integrated powertrain. The new 1.5-litre engines were designed for electrification from the start. They are smaller and more efficient than their predecessors. The naturally aspirated version is designed to cover the hybrid system performance range currently served by Toyota’s 1.8-litre engine and its current 1.5-litre three-cylinder engine.

The engines are paired with lighter, more compact electric motors and power control units. Integrating these components more closely is intended to reduce losses across the whole system.

Toyota is targeting a fuel economy improvement of more than 15%. The gain is expected to come from lower mechanical friction, improved thermal management, reduced electrical losses and lower aerodynamic drag.

Multi-Pathway Platform For Battery-Electric, Plug-In Hybrid And Hybrid Vehicles

The new multi-pathway platform is being developed to deliver uncompromised performance and product appeal as a battery-electric vehicle, while the compact new hybrid system can also be integrated into the same platform. Hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrains can be integrated into the same basic architecture without affecting vehicle silhouette, interior space or vehicle capability.

The lower-profile engine and hybrid package also allow lower bonnet heights and more dynamic vehicle proportions. Designers can more freely style the shape of the vehicle with fewer constraints.

Battery-electric, plug-in hybrid and hybrid vehicles will share a common architecture. This means Toyota can spread development and production investment across higher combined volumes.

The result is greater financial and engineering economies of scale, without compromising the performance or capability of any variant.

The common architecture is also intended to allow manufacturing operations to seamlessly adjust the powertrain mix to closely match customer demand.

Hybrid Technology, External Sales And Carbon-Neutral Fuels

Toyota sees highly efficient hybrid technology as a continuing part of its multi-pathway approach towards carbon neutrality. Toyota plans to increase external sales of its new engine and hybrid technologies in the coming years. The system is also being developed to run on renewable and carbon-neutral fuels. This extends the contribution that combustion-based electrified vehicles can make to reducing emissions while battery-electric and fuel cell electric technologies continue to expand.

作者：lytx

来源：https://www.lytx.com