成果简介
基于二维(2D)材料隧穿效应的高灵敏度透明应变传感器,在健康监测、电子皮肤和智能显示屏等隐形柔性电子领域引起了广泛关注。然而,同时实现高灵敏度和透明度仍是应变传感器面临的一大挑战和障碍。本文,香港中文大学(深圳)郑庆彬教授团队在《ACS Nano》期刊发表名为"Ultrathin Small-Sized Graphene Oxide-Modified MXene Hybrid Films for Highly Sensitive Transparent Strain Sensors"的论文,研究通过将小尺寸氧化石墨烯(SGO)纳米片整合到超薄堆叠的MXene薄片中,利用朗缪尔-舍费尔组装法制备出SGO修饰的MXene(SGO-mM)杂化薄膜,从而实现了高灵敏度且透明的应变传感器。
研究发现,横向尺寸小于微米的SGO对于提高超薄堆叠结构中MXene薄片的取向一致性和致密性至关重要。分子动力学模拟结果表明,SGO-mM混合薄膜的透光率达86%,由于隧道效应增强以及摩擦界面摩擦学性能的改善,其具有高达115.6的应变系数,检测限低至0.1%应变。利用所开发的SGO-mM混合薄膜,进一步制备了用于脉搏监测、语音识别和手语翻译的应变传感平台,以及用于空间分辨应力分布成像的传感器阵列,展现了其在可穿戴电子设备领域的巨大潜力。灵敏度与透明度的同步提升,为基于MXene或其他二维材料的高性能透明应变传感器的设计提供了关键启示。
图文导读
Figure 1.Schematic illustration of the self-assembly process of SGO-mM hybrid films at the air–water interface and the tunneling current between stacked MXene flakes.
Figure 2.(a) AFM images of SGO nanosheets and MXene flakes transferred before compression. (b) The depicted distribution of SGO nanosheets and MXene flakes. (c) Surface pressure–area isothermal curves of SGO nanosheets, MXene flakes, and SGO-mM flakes. (d) SEM image and (e) TEM image of the SGO-mM hybrid film assembled at 20 mN m–1. (f) The SAED pattern of the overlapping area marked in Figure 2e. (g) Raman spectra of the films assembled from SGO nanosheets, MXene flakes, and SGO-mM flakes. (h) Ti 2p and (i) C 1s XPS spectra of pure MXene film and SGO-mM hybrid film.
Figure 3.(a) UV–vis transmittance spectra of SGO-mM hybrid films with increasing SGO content from 0 wt % to 12 wt %. The inset shows the digital images of the corresponding films. Scale bar: 1 cm. (b) Changes in optical transmittance at 550 nm and sheet resistance of SGO-mM hybrid films with increasing SGO content from 0 wt % to 12 wt %. WAXS patterns of (c) pure MXene film and (d) SGO-mM hybrid film. Comparison of (e) the fwhm and (f) the scattering intensity of the (002) peaks in MXene and SGO-mM films.
Figure 4.(a) Relative resistance changes of SGO-mM/PDMS with increasing SGO content under 2.0% strain. (b) Relative resistance changes as a function of the applied strain for SGO-mM/PDMS with varying SGO content from 0 wt % to 12 wt %. (c) The GF changes as a function of the SGO content. Relative resistance changes of SGO-mM/PDMS at (d) different strains and (e) different frequencies. (f) The response time of SGO-mM/PDMS. (g) Relative resistance changes of SGO-mM/PDMS under repeated stretching and releasing at 1.0% strain. (h) Comparison of GF and transparency with other transparent strain sensors in the literature.
Figure 5.SEM images of SGO-mM hybrid films under (a) 0% strain, (b) 5% strain, and (c) 10% strain. (d) Schematic illustration of the reduction in the tunneling current between stacked MXene flakes under tensile strain. (e) The resistance network composed of multiple stacked MXene flakes. (f) The fitting curve of relative resistance changes to the experimental data, derived from the theoretical equation.
Figure 6.(a) The molecular model of SGO-mM with multilayer SGO. (b) Snapshots of SGO-mM containing 1L SGO at the initial and final states during the shearing process. (c) Atom velocity profiles of SGO-mM with an increasing number of SGO layers from 1 to 9, and (d) the corresponding peak value of the velocity in SGO-mM. (e) Friction stresses of the top-layer MXene in SGO-mM with an increasing number of SGO layers from 1 to 9, and (g) the corresponding peak and average values of friction stress in the top-layer MXene. (f) Friction stresses of the bottom-layer MXene in SGO-mM with an increasing number of SGO layers from 1 to 9, and (h) the corresponding peak and average values of friction stress in the bottom-layer MXene.
Figure 7.Real-time resistance responses of SGO-mM/PDMS (a) attached to the wrist for pulse detection and (b) attached to the neck for speech recognition. Scale bar: 4 cm. (c) The application of SGO-mM/PDMS as e-skin to translate sign language. Scale bar: 4 cm. (d) The fabrication process and (e) photograph of a 4 × 4 sensor array based on SGO-mM. Scale bar: 1 cm. (f-h) The responses of the 4 × 4 sensor array attached to human skin upon applying linear, diagonal, and omnidirectional forces.
小结
总而言之,将平均面积为0.27 μm2的SGO纳米片掺入基于MXene的超薄堆叠薄膜中,促进了结构对齐和隧道效应的增强,从而实现了高灵敏度、透明应变传感器的制备。与纯MXene薄膜相比,SGO-mM混合薄膜中二维片层的对齐度和紧凑性得到改善,使得T值提高了91%,同时Rs值降低了50%。由于片间滑动引起的隧道电流大幅降低,含8 wt% SGO的SGO-mM混合薄膜在传感性能方面表现优异:GF值高达115.6,检测限低至0.1%应变,透光率高达86%,并在500次拉伸-释放循环中保持了出色的稳定性。分子动力学(MD)模拟表明,与纯MXene相比,SGO-mM的峰值原子速度降低了98%,界面摩擦应力降低了89%,从而形成了更光滑的界面并增强了隧道效应。对GO尺寸效应影响超薄堆叠MXene光学和电学性质的系统性研究,结合对界面摩擦学行为的分析,为在触控面板和可穿戴传感器、实时追踪检测、电子皮肤以及健康监测系统等先进应用中,在不牺牲光学透明度的前提下提高应变传感灵敏度,提供了一种极具前景的策略。
文献:
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c06335
信息来源:材料分析与应用1
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