成果简介

触觉感知对于人类与外部世界的交互至关重要，并在机器人技术、可穿戴设备、假肢和医疗保健领域具有巨大的应用潜力。传统的仿生触觉设备依赖电子运动来产生电信号，这与生物系统的离子传输机制存在差异，从而限制了其与生物组织的兼容性。本文，北京大学王路达长聘副教授团队在《ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces》期刊发表名为“Functional Mimicry of Neural Sensory Systems Using Nanoporous Graphene-Based Ionic Biomimetic Tactile Devices”的论文，研究提出了一种基于离子传输机制的仿生触觉装置，利用电动力能转换（EKEC）技术，通过离子选择性膜在受压时产生电信号。

该装置的制备方法是：将悬浮在多孔聚碳酸酯轨迹蚀刻聚合物上的纳米多孔石墨烯进行改性，随后将其封装在离子溶液中。实验结果验证了该装置的离子传输特性及其电动力能转换能力。理论模拟表明，该电信号源于外加压力下的选择性离子传输。此外，该装置还展现出表征生物力学参数（如脉搏、声音和运动）的能力，并与水凝胶集成后，还表现出学习和遗忘功能。本研究为神经感觉系统的仿生学研究提供了新的见解，并突显了其在人工智能、人机交互和医疗保健领域的潜在应用。

图文导读

Figure 1.Structure and application of the tactile perception system and ionic biomimetic tactile device based on EKEC.

Figure 2.Ionic transport properties of PCTE/MNGr. (a) Schematic diagram of biological ion channels and biomimetic ion channels (PCTE/MNGr). (b) Picture of the PCTE/Gr membrane. (c) Spherical aberration-corrected TEM image of the graphene membranes treated with plasma and electrochemical reaction in KCl (0.1 M) solution successively. Red circles illustrated the nanopores. (d) I–V curves of PCTE/MNGr at concentration gradients of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 times. CH represented the high concentration side (0.1 M KCl), and CL represented the low concentration side. (e) K+/Cl– selectivity of PCTE/MNGr at concentration gradients of 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 times. (f) Power density and energy conversion efficiency of PCTE/MNGr at concentration gradients of 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 times.

Figure 3.EKEC performance of ionic biomimetic tactile devices. (a) Schematic diagram of the device structure of the PCTE/MNGr membrane, the value of resistance was 1.5 MΩ. (b) Relationship between the direction of applied pressure and current signals of ionic biomimetic tactile devices. The solution was 0.001 M KCl. (c) Output current corresponding to different concentrations of KCl with the release of pressure at 2158.8 Pa. (d) Pressure response and recovery time corresponding to different concentrations of KCl with the release of pressure at 2158.8 Pa. (e) Relationship between pressure and output current at a concentration of 0.001 M KCl. The detection limit of the device is 0.225 Pa. (f) Operational stability of the device at a concentration of 0.001 M KCl under a pressure of 2967.4 Pa.

Figure 4.Numerical simulation of ionic transport performance under pressure conditions. (a) Relationship between surface charge density and output current under 1000 Pa pressure. (b) Relationship between pressure and output current at the surface charge density of –0.2 C m–2. (c) Variation of Cl– concentration and K+ concentration at the nanopores over time under a surface charge density of –0.2 C m–2 and a pressure of 1000 Pa.

Figure 5.Applications of the ionic biomimetic tactile device in health monitoring, posture detection, and information transmission. (a) Schematic diagram of the detection area. (b) Comparison of the commercial pulse-monitoring watch and the current-time (I–T) curve of the pulse wave. (c) I–T curve of a single peak of the pulse wave. (d–i) I–T curve of wrist bending (d), continuous actions of arm bending and recovery (e), vocalizing “apple” (f), vocalizing “water” (g), decomposed actions of finger bending and recovery (h), and finger bending to express Morse code “SOS” (i).

Figure 6.Preparation of the HI-biomimetic tactile device and its learning and forgetting behaviors. (a) Photographs of hydrogels with different mass fractions of PVA. (b) Magnitude of current at different pressures for the HI-biomimetic tactile device. (c) Corresponding currents for the HI-biomimetic tactile device under continuously applied pressures of 943.5, 1273.2, 2158.8, 1273.2, and 943.5 Pa. (d–f) Current variation behavior of the HI-biomimetic tactile device under continuous pressure at different time intervals. Testing at 0 h (d), testing after placing for 10 min post-testing (e), and testing after placing for 24 h post-testing (f).

小结

总而言之，本研究展示了一种基于EKEC的离子仿生触觉装置，实现了对神经感觉系统的功能模拟。通过利用其受生物启发的、基于离子传输的机械-电信号转换机制，该平台展现了类皮肤的多功能传感能力，在人机界面和人工智能系统中具有广阔的应用前景。此外，通过与水凝胶集成，该装置实现了类神经行为，成功地在单一设备中融合了机械-电信号转换与神经元功能。本研究拓展了在类神经工程和生物医学技术领域的潜在应用，特别是在先进传感系统和智能假肢方面。

文献：

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c05813

信息来源：材料分析与应用1

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